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Traditionally, the world of medicine understands health as an absence of disease. But today, the understanding of this term has evolved from being an individual concern to a worldwide social goal, encompassing human development indices like the quality of life.
Health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; it is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. It is a dynamic and holistic concept. It helps people live well, work well and enjoy a sense of balance.
Physical dimension of health
Physical health refers to the perfect functioning of the body. It is not difficult to spot the signs: clear skin, bright eyes, lustrous hair, toned body, regular bowel and bladder movements, a good appetite, sound sleep and well-coordinated body movements.
Evaluation of physical health should include
Self assessment of overall health.
Inquiry into symptoms of ill health and risk factors.
Inquiry into medication.
Inquiry into levels of activity and degree of fitness.
Inquiry into use of medical services, such as the number of visits to a physician, number of hospitalisations in the recent past.
Clinical examination once a year.
Nutrition and dietary assessment.
Biochemical investigations once a year.
At the community level, the state of health may be assessed by indicators such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, general death rate and epidemics.
Mental dimension of health
A healthy mind leads to a healthy body. When we say a healthy mind, we are referring to a positive state of mental health, which can be defined as a state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, harmony between oneself and the others, the ability to respond to the varied experiences of life with flexibility and a sense of purpose.
A mentally healthy person is someone who:
Does not have internal conflicts.
Has a strong sense of self-esteem.
Gets along with others, accepts criticism and is not easily upset.
Knows his needs, problems and goals.
Has self-control, balances rationality and emotionality.
Tries to solve problems intelligently and is able to cope with stress and anxiety.
An unhealthy mind can induce illnesses such as hypertension, peptic ulcers and bronchial asthma, among others.
Social dimension of health
Social well-being refers to harmony and integration between the individual and other members of the society and the extent of involvement with the community.
Health is a relative concept and health standards vary from country to country and also between socio-economic groups. For example, a new born in India weighs 2.8 kilograms on an average compared to 3.5 kilograms in a developed country.
Determinants of health
Heredity
Environment
Life-style and quality of life
Socio-economic conditions
Health and family welfare services
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